Susan Navarra

Daily Assignments - January 2012

Tuesday, January 10

Welcome back everyone. I am very excited to be back and I hope you are too.

Today in class we took the Preliminary Test for the Geography Bee and all of my students tried very hard to do their very best. If time permitted, we also worked on our Local Government Alphaboxes rough draft. For homework tonight, work on the rough draft, gathering as much information as you can. We will have a Performance Task workday tomorrow (Wednesday). The task will be due next Tuesday. Have a great evening. Download Local Government Alphaboxes2

Wednesday and Thursday, January 11 and 12

Today students were given the class period to work on their Performance Task on Local Government - Alphaboxes - you may use the ecopy above or complete by hand. Remember that a rough draft is required. Good luck:) This Power Point may be helpful to you as you work on this project. Download Local Government

H.W. Work on Alphabox Performance Task - due 1/17

Friday, January 13th

To introduce our new unit, Westward Expansion, students viewed a movie called Lewis and Clark: Great Journey West.

H.W. finish Local Government Alphaboxes - due 1/17. Have a great weekend:)

Tuesday, January 17th

Today we returned to our study of history and discussed land policies for the distribution of Native American land. Students completed a Compare and Contrast Chart in class and started working on Unit Vocabulary. For homework tonight, finish #1-10 of vocabulary, writing each definition in your own words and provide a picture or example. Download Compare and Contrast - Land Distribution Policies

Vocabulary List #9:

headright system
land lottery system
"fortunate drawer" - those poeple whose names were drawn in the land lottery and received land
Yazoo Land Fraud
Louisiana Purchase
cotton gin
turnpike
Terminus
cash crops
market economy

Wednesday, January 18th

Today students created an ACROSTIC poem using the letters in the word "FRAUD" to tell the story of the Yazoo Land Fraud. Complete this activity for homework.

Thursday, January 19th

Today we discussed 18th century technology, e.g., the railroad and the cotton gin and read Ch. 5/Sect. 3 (pages 179-183). H.W. Study for tomorrow's Ten-Minute Check - topics will include the two land policies (headright and land lottery systems), the Yazoo Land Fraud, 18th century technology, and #1-10 on Vocabulary List #9. You can also revisit Ch. 6/Sects. 2 and 3.

Friday, January 20th

Today we took our first Ten-Minute Check of the 3rd nine weeks - good luck. Next students engaged in discussion and notetaking from a Power Point presentation on Religion and Education in the Post-Revolutionary War period. Download Education and Religion

Monday, January 23rd

Today students were given the study guide for the Chapter 6 test and given class time to work on creating a study tool for this test. For homework, finish defining Unit Vocabulary - List #9(word list is posted under last Tuesday's blog entry) and continue working on your study guide. Test is this Friday:)

Tuesday, January 24th

Today students read the section in the textbook beginning on pg. 192: Native Americans in Georgia and viewed three Georgia Stories. For homework tonight, finish your study guide and prepare any questions I can clarify for you tomorrow in class. Below are the links for the Study Guide and the Unit Vocabulary in listed under Tuesday, January 17th blog entry.

Download Ch. 6 Study Guide

Wednesday, January 25th

Today we discussed the Unit Vocabulary and student questions from the Study Guide. Next we wrote a letter to President Andrew Jackson as follows:

Imagine you are a Cherokee Indian chief about to be "removed" from Georgia. Write a letter to President Andrew Jackson explaining to him why you and your people should not be removed from your land against your will. Include:

how long Native Americans have inhabited this land (pg. 192)
specific examples of how Cherokee Indians modeled their lives to fit into Anglo-American culture.
mention the actions of Chief John Ross
name your Cherokee Indian.

For homework tonight, study for Friday's test. You should now have a completed study guide, completed unit vocabulary. Test content covers Chapter 6, beginning at Section 2 through the end of the chapter. Tomorrow we will have a test review. Bring any questions you may have:)

Thursday, January 26th

Today we played a review game and/or finished up the study guide - Study for tomorrow's test:) Good luck.

January 10, 2012 at 10:34 AM | Permalink

Daily Assignments - December 2011

Thursday, December 1st

Today I will be absent, so students worked on their biographical posters on Jimmy Carter. The due date is next Wednesday, December 7th.

Friday, December 2nd

Today we gathered information and discussed various state agencies under the executive branch of state government. Your Jimmy Carter Biographical Poster is due next Wednesday, so if you need more time than given in class, please work on this at home.

Have a nice weekend:)

Monday, December 5th

Today we introduced the Legislative Branch of State Government - pgs. 536-543. Students were to take Cornell Notes over this content. This will be finished and discussed in class tomorrow.

Reminder: The Jimmy Carter Biographical Poster is due this Wednesday.

Tuesday, December 6th

Today students worked independently on their Cornell Notes over the Legislative Branch of State Government. H.W. Jimmy Carter Poster due tomorrow.

Wednesday, December 7th

Today we discussed the 70th Anniversary of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. We discussed/reviewed notes and took a practice assessment over the executive and legislative branches of state government. Coming attractions...Judicial Branch and Juvenile Justice.

Thursday, December 8th

Today we introduced the Judicial Branch of State Government and Juvenile Justice. If absent, read pages pages 544-546 (Judicial Branch) and pages 547-550 (Juvenile Justice).

H.W. Study for tomorrow's Ten-Minute Check - review Executive Branch of State Government handout and your Cornell Notes on the Legislative Branch.

Friday, December 9th

Today we will take our Ten-Minute Check and watch a film on Juvenile Justice. Have a very nice weekend:)

Monday, December 12th

Today students worked on a sales tax activity. Please finish the Judicial Branch of State Government Questions for homework tonight.

Tuesday, December 13th

Today we learned about the differences between a civil and a criminal case and practiced applying this to a variety of circumstances.

Wednesday, December 14th

Today we learned about the jurisdictions of various state courts and worked with a partner to determine a particular court's jurisdiction. We also added the following words to our Vocabulary Workbook Spiral. If absent, add the following to your notebook and title it Vocabulary List #7:

civil case - disputes between two or more persons or groups.

criminal case - cases involving violations of the law.

jurisdiction - the power or authority of a court to hear and decide a case.

trial court - hears the original case, both civil and criminal

appellate court - reviews the decisions of a trial court and can revise their decisions.

Thursday, December 15th

The topic covered today in class today was the difference between a status offense (unruly act) and a delinquent act. Students also participated in a problem-solving activity where they had to work in a group to match up words related to the juvenile justice system. If you didn't finish in class, below are the words and their appropriate definitions to copy in your Vocabulary Spiral Notebook.

status offense: an act that would not be a crime if committed by an adult. Also called an unruly act or unruly behavior.
delinquent act: an act that would be a crime no matter the age.
misdemeanor: a crime for which the punishment is a fine of less than $1,000 and less than 12 months in prison.
felony: a crime for which the penalty is more than 12 months in prison, a fine of more than $1,000, life imprisonment, or the death penalty.
victim: a person whom the crime was committed against.
defendant: a person accused of a crime
Seven Deadly Sins: crimes for which a person 13-16 years of age can be prosecuted as an adult.
rehablitation: individual treatments to change negative influences in a juvenile in an effort to prevent them from turning into adult criminals.
ordinance: a law passed by a city or county government
perpetrator: a person who commits a crime
statutes: written laws
parens patriae: the doctrine that gives the go vernment the authority to make decisions for a child, even over the objection of parents or guardians, if it is in the child's best interest.

Homework: Ten-Minute Check Tomorrow - to prepare, study the Judicial Branch of State Government Guided Reading Questions and the vocabulary list 7, #1-5. Good luck:)

Friday, December 16th

Today we took our last Ten-Minute Check for the nine weeks - yipee!! Next we watched a film on the Sentencing of Bill Thomas. Have a great weekend:)

Monday, December 19th

Today we read and discussed the section in the textbook on Young People and the Law and worked to complete Guided Reading Questions. Tomorrow: Benchmark Test

Tuesday, December 20th

Today students took the Georgia Studies Benchmark Test. Finish the Juvenile Justice Questions for homework.

December 02, 2011 at 10:25 AM | Permalink

Daily Assignments - November 2011

Tuesday, November 1st

Today students finished answering the Guided Reading Questions on the Articles of Confederation using the We the People Books. If absent, please read pg. 502 in the textbook as an additional source of information. Students were also introduced to this unit's vocabulary words. From the list below, students were instructed to write the textbook definition, write the definition in your own words, and do one of the following: draw a visutal representation of the word, give an example of the word, or give a characteristic of the word.

Word List #6

Articles of Confederation
confederation - a form of political organization in which sovereign states combine for specific purposes, such as defense. The United States was a confederation from 1776 - 1789.
federalism
national government - the organization having central political authority in a nation.
republic
proportional representation
electoral college
federalist
antifederalist
ratify

Wednesday, November 2nd

Today students continued to work on unit vocabulary. Finish up for homework tonight.

The topics for this week's Ten-Minute Check will be the Articles of Confederation and this week's vocabulary - study.

Thursday, November 3

Our topic for class today was the Constitutional Convention of 1787. To build background on this topic, we read pages 502-509 in the textbook and reviewed this week's vocabulary words. Homework tonight is to study for tomorrow's Ten-Minute Check. Topics will include the Articles of Confederation and this week's vocabulary. Good luck:)

Friday, November 4

Today students took Ten-Minute Check #3 and worked to complete the Guided Reading Questions on the Constitutional Convention. Complete #1-8 for homework.

Monday, November 7

Today's topic was the structure and organization of the U.S. Constitution. After a preview of the document, students completed and discussed a Constitution Scavenger Hunt. For homework, complete the remaining section, #9-16 of the Constitutional Convention Guided Reading Questions.

Tuesday, November 8

Student Holiday - Have a nice day off:)

Wednesday, November 9th

Today students added to their Vocabulary Spiral Notebook - List #6 with the following important terms:

electorate, constitutionalism, separation of powers, and checks and balances - continue using the same strategy as before.

Students were also provided the Focus Points for the Foundations of Government Test which will be given next Thursday.

H.W. Study for Ten-Minute Check: Constitutional Convention of 1787, U.S. Constitution, Bill of Rights, and this week's vocabulary.

Thursday, November 10th

Hello everyone! Tomorrow we will have our Ten-Minute Check covering the following topics: Constitutional Convention of 1787 and this week's vocabulary (see Wednesday above if you were absent). Included in this check will be questions relating to the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights which were covered in these questions. One of the best ways to prepare will be to review your Constitutional Convention Guided Reading Questions and read over in your textbook information relating to these topics to build a stronger knowledge base. Good Luck:)

Friday, November 11th

Today we took a Ten-Minute Check and discussed the importance of Veteran's Day. Have a nice weekend:)

Monday, November 14th

Today students had a Study Guide Work Day. We have our Foundations of Government test this Thursday. Good Luck:)

Tuesday, November 15th

Today we discussed any questions students had on their Study Guides and worked to complete a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting Georgia's first two state constitutions. As promised...below find your test question - a direct result of your teacher petition.

What are the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution called?

H.W. Finish Study Guide and study for Thursday's test. *Remember to memorize the Preable to the U.S. Constitution and recite to me by Thursday morning to earn extra bonus points on your test.

Wednesday, November 16th

Today we clarified any questions from the Focus Points (Study Guide) and played a review game. Study for tomorrow's test for homework:)

Thursday, November 17th

Foundations of Government Test today - hope you did well:)

Friday, November 18th

Future Fright - What would life be like without a Bill of Rights? Come to class and find out. Have a great Thanksgiving Break.

THANKSGIVING BREAK

Monday, November 28th

Today we discussed various government expenditures and sources of government revenue. Homework tonight is to complete the Chapter 15 - Executive Branch of State Government Chart.

Tuesday, November 29th

Today we discussed Jimmy Carter and his contributions at the state and national level. Students started taking notes using a provided graphic organizer in preparation for creating a Biographical Poster on Jimmy Carter.

Wednesday, November 30th

Today we continued working on creating the Biographical Poster on Jimmy Carter. Poster will be collected on Monday. There will not be a Ten-Minute Check this Friday.

November 01, 2011 at 01:07 PM | Permalink

Daily Assignments - October 2011

Monday, October 3rd

Today students presented their scene for the Colonial Plays. They were entertaining and informative - great job students:)

Tuesday, October 4th

Today students worked on a new vocabulary development strategy - The Frayer Model. We worked through several examples together.

Word List #5:

free trade - an economic concept referring to the selling of products (trade) between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers.
royal colony
revenues
expenditures
patriot
loyalist (Tories)
boycott
propaganda

Wednesday, October 5th

Today we discussed the three colonial regions and reasons why they are defined this way. If absent, please read pg. 136 as this content is covered here. We also worked on a colonial mapping exercise and continued working on vocabulary development. For homework tonight, finish the map and the vocabulary.

Thursday, October 6th

Today we reviewed Vocabulary List #5 and worked on an outlining exercise on Georgia's Three Royal Governors. For homework, finish your outline in preparation for a writing task tomorrow. If absent today, read pgs. 142-148 and write outline notes on each and turn in your Colonial Map when you return to class. Also review List #5 words and The Colonization of Georgia, Part III Answers for tomorrow's Ten-Minute Check.

Friday, October 7th

Today we took a Ten-Minute Check and, using our outline notes, wrote summaries on each of Georgia's royal governors. Finish for homework as these will be collected on Monday. Have a great weekend.

Monday, October 10th

Today we completed out Character Clusters on Georgia's Three Royal Governors and worked to on the Chapter 5/Section 3 Questions.

Tuesday, October 11th

Today students took Cornell Notes on the French and Indian War. Finish the Ch. 5/Sect. 3 Questions for homework. If absent today, take notes from attached Power Point and finish the above mentioned questions. Download Ch. 5 - Section 3 Questions Download The French and Indian War

Wednesday, October 12th

Today we read and discussed pages 149-152 in the textbook, checked Ch. 5/Sect. 3 Questions , and began taking notes on a graphic organizer on British acts passed before the Revolutionary War.

H.W. Begin reviewing for this week's Ten-Minute Check on Friday: Vocabulary list 5, Georgia's Three Royal Governors (use outline notes/textbook), French and Indian War (use Cornell Notes), the Proclamation of 1763 and your completed Chapter 5/Section 3 Questions.

Thursday, October 13th

Today we watched a film on The Revolutionary War.

H.W. Study for tomorrow's Ten-Minute Check by reviewing the following: Vocabulary List 5, Georgia's Three Royal Governors (use outline notes/textbook), French and Indian War (use your Cornell Notes taken from this Power Point Presentation), the Proclamation of 1763 and your completed Chapter 5/Section 3 Questions.

Friday, October 14th

Today we will take our first Ten-Minute Check for the second nine weeks. We will also work on our Propaganda Poster either from a loyalist or patriot point-of-view. Have a great weekend:)

Monday, October 17th

Today we read Chapter 5/Section 4 which begins on pg. 153 and worked on the first half of the Guided Reading Questions. Finish #1-10 for homework. Download Ch. 5 - Section 4 Guided Reading Questions

Tuesday, October 18th

Wednesday, October 19th

Today we reviewed the second half of the Chapter 5/Section 4 Questions and turned in the Propaganda Poster. We also viewed several Georgia Stories while taking Guided Viewing Notes. Students were also given a Study Guide (Focus Points) handout printed on purple paper which should be completed to prepare for next week's Chapter 5 Test. The test is scheduled for Tuesday, October 25th.

Thursday, October 20th

Today we analyzed the Declaration of Independence. Tonight for homework study for tomorrow's Ten-Minute Check. Topics will include the Declaration of Independence, The Battle of Kettle Creek, Siege of Savannah, and Georgia's first constitution. Also, work on your Study Guide (Focus Points - purple paper) for Wednesday, October 26th Chapter 5 Test. Have a great evening:)

Friday, October 21st

Today we took Ten-Minute Check #2 and continued working on the Study Guide (Focus Points) for next Wednesday's test. Over the weekend, finish the study guide and study for this test. Have a nice weekend.

Monday, October 24th

Today students worked on a Performance Task - "Have You Seen This Person?" If you need additional information on your historical figure, remember to use www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org . This is a great website to use for research. This assignment will be due by Thursday of this week. Homework tonight is to finish the Focus Points (Study Guide) and study for Wednesday's Test over Chapter 5. Remember, your completed Study Guide will be collected on Wednesday immediately before the test. Good luck and bring any questions you may have tomorrow as we review for the test. Have a great evening:)

Tuesday, October 25th

Today students worked to complete their Study Guide, if necessary, and ask questions in preparation for tomorrow's test. Homework tonight is to STUDY, STUDY, STUDY!! Your completed Study Guide will be collected tomorrow.

Wednesday, October 26th

Chapter 5 Test today. Study Guide (Focus Points) collected for a grade.

Thursday, October 27th

Today in class students were given time to finish up some outstanding assignments. Tomorrow is the last day to accept the Revolutionary War Propaganda Poster and the Have You Seen This Person activity. Be sure to finish them tonight and turn in tomorrow. Math lesson tomorrow in Georgia Studies....ooooohhhh spooky.

Friday, October 28th

Today we worked on a math activity involving analyzing data from various Revolutionary War battles. If absent today, no makeup is necessary.

Monday, October 31st

Happy Halloween. Today we introduced the Articles of Confederation as the first written constitution of the United States. We read about it in the We the People books and started working on some Guided Reading Questions. Just a quick reminder to bring your Vocabulary Workbook - spiral notebook to class tomorrow, as we are adding some new words. Have a safe and fun evening:)

October 04, 2011 at 01:30 PM | Permalink

Daily Assignments - September 2011

Monday, September 5th

Labor Day Holiday - have a nice day off:)

Tuesday, September 6th

Today we continued our discussion of Prehistoric Georgia through discussion. Students took the role of an archaeologist and made predictions/assumptions about a culture based on a series of presented facts. If absent, please read in your textbook about archaelogy and artifacts in Chapter 3.

Wednesday, September 7th

Today, students worked in pairs to gather information about four prehistoric cultures: Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian Indians. We shared information at the end of class to verify and enhance factual information. If absent, please read pp. 75-81 in your textbook, becoming familiar with the characteristics of each of these cultures.

**Remember to use the online textbook for support - www.mystatehistory.com and the student passcode is ga11hist. We are covering Chapter 3 currently and you can play some games and complete some online quizzes and puzzles to enhance your learning of this information.

Thursday, September 8th

Today we will continue our study of prehistoric cultures through class discussion and questioning. We will also view a film titled, The Southeastern Indians. If absent, read pages mentioned in post above to stay up with our class information. H.W. Finish questions started in class (on back of chart). Remember to respond thoughtfully and write in complete sentences.

Friday, September 9th

Today we will have a 10-Minute Check over this week's vocabulary (look at the last day of August for the words) and characteristics of the four prehistoric cultures. We will then discuss and remember 911, discussing the importance of the 10th anniversary and its impact upon us as citizens of this country.

Have a nice weekend:)

Monday, September 12th

Today we discussed the Age of Exploration with a focus on Spanish exploration in present-day Georgia. Students were shown a brief Georgia Stories segment on Hernando de Soto and continued practicing structured note-taking exercises. If absent, please read pgs. 107-108 and get a copy of the notes presented in class upon your return.

Tuesday, September 13th

Today we introduced Word List #4. For each of the words below, in your vocabulary spiral notebook, 1)write the definition using the textbook, or copy the provided definition, 2) write the definition again in your own words, and 3) draw a visual representation (picture) or provide an example of the word.

mercantilism: a theory, common in Europe in the 16th-18th centuries, in which a country exported more than it imported. Under this system, the country's colonies would produce and supply the raw materials to their mother country.

Look up and define the next three words from your textbook glossary

2. trustees -

3. charter

4. militia

5. imports - to bring (as goods) into a country from another country usually for selling.

6. exports - to carry or send abroad especially for sale in another country

7. incentives - a motivating influence; a reward offered for increased productivity

8. trade - the business of buying and selling items

Wednesday, September 14

Today we introduced the colonial period of Georgia's history. Students read pgs. 114-116 and worked on questions from this selection. If absent, please read these pages and download and work on these questions. Download Colonization of Georgia Questions - Part I

Thursday, September 15

Today students finished yesterday's questions and discussed the content. In pairs, students analyzed Georgia's charter to develop an understanding of what it included, especially the role of the trustees and the regulations for the new colony of Georgia. Tonight for homework, review your outline notes on Hernando de Soto, this weeks vocabulary list #4, and the questions on colonization. Tomorrow we will have a 10-Minute Check over this content.

Friday, September 16

Today students took their 10-Minute Check and began reading the next section in the textbook.

Have a nice weekend:)

Monday, September 19

Today students worked on structured note-taking skills by outlining the section in the textbook on pg. 117 (The Voyage of the Ann). Students continued research for the Colonial plays by working on The Colonization of Georgia - Part II Questions. Download Colonization of Georgia - Part II

Tuesday, September 20

Today we read pgs. 118-121 in the textbook. Next, students worked to complete the Colonization of Georgia - Part II. Finish for homework tonight. Remember to respond using complete sentences.

Wednesday, September 21

Today students viewed several Georgia Stories and worked on a Colonial Era Math Exercise. If absent, no makeup is required - just be sure you finish your Part II Questions.

Thursday, September 22

Today we read pages 121-129 in the textbook and started Part III Questions. If absent, read these pages and download and begin the above mentioned questions. There will be a 10-Minute Check tomorrow. Prepare by revisiting Vocabulary List #4, Colonization of Georgia Part II questions, and textbook pages 116-121.

Friday, September 23

Today students took 10-Minute Check #5 and checked Part III Questions. The scenes for the Colonial Play Project were introduced and groups established. Project begins Monday and will run for five days.

Monday, September 26th through Friday, September 30th

Today we started a week long group project on Colonial Georgia. Students will be working in their groups to create a present a play about a particular period of time in Georgia's colonial history. This grade will be weighted as a test grade and will replace the Unit 2 Test.

September 07, 2011 at 01:59 PM | Permalink

Daily Assignments and Homework - August 2011

Monday, August 15th

Hello everyone and welcome to 8th grade. Today we played a Georgia Geo Activity to get to know one another and received our course syllabus. Homework tonight is to get the parent signature handout filled out and signed.

Tuesday, August 16th

Today we reviewed basic geography and created a "mental map" of Georgia. Remember to bring a spiral notebook to class on Tuesday.

Wednesday, August 17th

Today we worked on a map activity for Georgia. Map will be collected at the end of class Friday.

Thursday, August 18th

Today's topic is climate. If absent from class, please read pp. 22-30 from your textbook.

Friday, August 19th

Today we will take our first Ten-Minute Check over content covered this week in class. Georgia maps will be due at the end of class. Students should work on the Guided Reading handout for Chapters 1 and 2.

Have a nice weekend:)

Monday, August 22nd

Today we embarked on learning a new skill for most, for effecient notetaking - outlining. "Tonight for homework, finish the "B" Section: Ridge and Valley as directed in class. We will go over these tomorrow. Bring a spiral to class - will need very soon. Download Outline handout for Lesson 1

Tuesday, August 23rd

Today we continued working on "how to outline." Students were given time in class to finish their Geographic Regions notes. We also introduced new unit vocabulary: relative location, prime meridian, region, barrier island, Fall Line, verticle climate, and drought. Students should write these in their vocabulary spiral - textbook definitions and writing the definition in their own words. Finish notes and vocabulary for homework, if necessary.

Wednesday and Thursday, August 24th and 25th

Performance Task: Students started work on the Five Regions of Georgia Foldable. If you think you will need additional time, work on this at home. It will be collected at the end of class Friday.

Friday, August 26th

10-Minute Check #2
Finish Georgia's Geographic Regions Foldable - due end of class today.

Have a great weekend:)

Monday, August 29th

This week's vocabulary was added to student's spiral notebook: urban area, rural area, suburban area, and infrastructure. If you were absent, add these words, writing a textbook definition and a definition in your own words for each. In class, we worked to complete the Chapters 1 and 2 Guided Reading (Anchor) - finish for homework.Download Unit 1 Guided Reading ANCHOR

Tuesday, August 30th

A study guide was provided to each student and we worked on it in class today. Finish for homework.

Download Study Guide - Focus Points for U1 Test

Wednesday, August 31st

Today we allowed time for individual review, group review, and a review game activity for tomorrow's test. Be sure to study for your test tomorrow.

Thursday, September 1st

Unit 1 Test: Geography of Georgia

Friday, September 2nd

Today we began our study of Prehistoric Georgia with a presentation of a Power Point titled, The Dating Game. Students need to add the following terms to their Vocabulary Spiral: B.C., A.D., B.C.E., C.E., circa, century, primary and secondary source, artifacts, archaeologist, scarcity, factors of production, productivity, specialization. In class, students discussed and defined these words. If absent today, please copy these words and get a reliable peer to provide you with the definitions.

May 06, 2011 at 07:44 AM | Permalink